Natural Disaster Risk Management by Ulrich Ranke

Author:Ulrich Ranke
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

5.4 Example of a Multiple Hazard Assessment (Ende, Flores)

Based on the author’s own research activities in the Flores City of Ende an assessment of the general hazard exposure of the area was carried out in 2003 by the Badan Geology-GEORISK Project (BD/GEORISK 2005). The district of Ende was subject to a series of natural disasters in the last 50 years, among them an earthquake in 1961, and a volcanic eruption in 1969 when Mount Iya, a volcano just 5 km from the city erupted, producing many flows of lava and several large lahars. The eruption claimed three lives and destroyed almost 200 houses. In 1988 heavy rainfall triggered massive landslides and mudflows that claimed 48 lives. Another earthquake in 1992 killed 25 people and let many buildings collapse. In spring 2003 a massive landslide was triggered after days of heavy rain along the upper parts of the river reaching the sea just next to the city. The landslide most seriously hit the small village of Detumbawa north of Ende where 27 people were killed. In the aftermath the Ende District Administration addressed the GEORISK Project for a rapid and general assessment of the risk exposure level and for assistance in working out and disseminating community-based mitigation and prevention measures. To meet the demand comprehensive field surveys have been carried out, evaluating the morphological, geological, geophysical, and volcanological base parameters and combining the findings with the land use pattern, rainfall data, and population distribution (Fig. 5.17).

Fig. 5.17Identified natural disaster occurrences in Ende District (Flores, Indonesia) L landslide; A volcanic ashes; LB volcanic bombs and lapilli; T tsunami; EL earthquake/liquefaction (Google Earth, city of Ende, Flores, Indonesia; access March 2014)

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